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Otto Muehl (16 June 1925 – 26 May 2013) was an Austrian artist, who was known as one of the co-founders as well as a main participant of Viennese Actionism and for founding the Friedrichshof Commune. In 1943, Muehl had to serve in the German Wehrmacht. There he registered for officer training. He was promoted to lieutenant and in 1944 he took part on infantry battles in the course of the Ardennes Offensive. After the war, he studied teaching German and History, and Pedagogy of Art at the Wiener Akademie der bildenden Künste. In 1972 he founded the Friedrichshof Commune, which has been viewed by some as an authoritarian sect,〔Frank Nordhausen and Liane von Billerbeck (1999): ''Psycho-Sekten – die Praktiken der Seelenfänger''. Fischer Verlag, ISBN 3596142407〕 and that existed for several years before falling apart in the 1990s. In 1991, Muehl was convicted of sexual offences with minors and drugs offences and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment. He was released in 1997, after serving six and a half years, and set up a smaller commune in Portugal. After his release, he also published his memoirs from the prison (''Aus dem Gefängnis''). == Viennese Actionism == In the 1960s, Muehl's aim was 'to overcome easel painting by representing its destruction process'.〔Otto Muehl, Viennese Actionism 1960–1971, Ritter Verlag. 1989.〕 He made rhizomatic structures with scrap iron ("''Gerümpelplastiken''"), but soon proceeded to the "''Aktion''" in the vein of the New York Happenings. In 1962, when he was 37, the first "''Aktion''" "''Die Blutorgel''" was performed in Muehl's atelier in the Perinetgasse by Muehl himself, Adolf Frohner, and Hermann Nitsch. The "''Fest des psycho-physischen Naturalismus''" and "''Versumpfung einer Venus''" followed in 1963. From 1964 to 1966, many "''Malaktionen''" were filmed by Kurt Kren and photographed by Ludwig Hoffenreich. In 1966, a new concept of Aktion was developed with Günter Brus: instead of the canvas, the body became the scene of action. In 1968, Muehl, Brus, and Oswald Wiener organised an Aktionsveranstaltung titled ''Kunst und Revolution'' in the University of Vienna, which caused a scandal in the press; they were arrested and Brus emigrated to Berlin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Otto Muehl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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